What is the primary focus of the Maritime Labour Convention (MLC)?

• A. To regulate fishing practices
• B. To establish minimum working and living standards for seafarers
• C. To enhance shipping trade agreements
• D. To promote environmental sustainability in shipping

Answer: (B)

The primary focus of the Maritime Labour Convention (MLC) is to establish minimum working and living standards for seafarers. This landmark convention, adopted by the International Labour Organization (ILO), aims to ensure that seafarers have decent conditions of work and life on board ships. It addresses critical aspects such as working hours, wages, health, and safety, as well as the provision of food, accommodation, and social security. By setting these standards, the MLC helps protect the rights of maritime workers, promoting their welfare and well-being.

The other options do not align with the core purpose of the MLC. For instance, regulating fishing practices pertains more to fisheries management and sustainability rather than seafarers' labor rights. Enhancing shipping trade agreements is more related to economic or trade policies, while promoting environmental sustainability in shipping involves regulations concerning pollution and environmental impact rather than directly addressing the living and working conditions of seafarers. Therefore, option B accurately reflects the MLC's main objective in improving seafarers' conditions.